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Dogo Canario / Presa Canario

The origin of the Canary Prey

To the few years of concluded the conquest of the Canary Islands, reference in the Cedularios becomes of the Town hall of Tenerife to its agreement of the 5 of February of 1526, in which and at sight of the damages caused by the dogs in greater and smaller cattles, the extermination of such is ordered, with the exception of the pair that is admitted to the butchers for its service, and such action to Don Pedro de Lugo is entrusted, that has two "perros of presa" trained to kill.

Through century XVI and XVII, the references are numerosísimas and appointments that with relation to the dog of prey of the Canary Islands, become in the rich historical documentation that follows Conquista, specially in named the Cedularios of the Town halls, and although at no moment, becomes description of biotipo of these dogs if the function is explained that they develop. The missions of the prey dog are space of gurda and struggle with the cattle. "su is mentioned frequently service to carniceros", "para to subjugate the cattle vacuno" or "atado of presa".

The Canary Islands, given their strategic geographic location in the Atlantic, always have constituted the forced stop, the hospitable refuelling stop of the American route. At the Islands they arrived from always, by such circumstance, the several Hispanic races that populated the New Continent, essentially of hunting, sign and prey which generously Spain had.

Concretely, the race of Spanish prey, the Spanish Prey, in their varieties of heavy Moloso or Dogo and light and álano Moloso, so used in the conquest of America, contributed currents of blood to the dog of existing prey in the Canary Islands. Throughout century XVIII, the presence of English colonos, is more and more frequent in the Archipelago, normally retailers who reside permanently temporary or in the Canary Islands.

The British character and its sport traditions related to the dog like combatant to that so they were become fond of arrive at the Islands. For the combatants their typical dogs used normally gladiators, type Bulldog or Bullterrier, who bring from their country, raising inevitably the mestization with the dog of existing prey in the islands.

This English liking to the fight of dogs, is identified totally with the island character, of combative will, aptitude that repeats in the Balearic Archipelago with its Ca de Bou either Majorcan dog of prey or in Japan with the Tosa Inu like dog of national prey.

One considers, therefore, in the population of prey of the Islands, certain morphologic modifications. One not only thinks about a prey dog that develops a correct work like guardian or like cowherd, but who in addition must have good disposition for the fight. Independently of this situation, we must consider the existence in the Canary Islands of the "Bardino or Majorero", native of the Island of Fuerteventura and very spread by all the Archipelago. This dog of struggle, dedicated specially to the cattle handling cabrío and excellent guardian, unites to these conditions a physical great resistance, sobriety, little bark and an extraordinary teething to the service of insobornable anger.

The Bardino or Majorero were introduced, by its excellent mejorantes conditions, in the crossings that originated the Presa type that was arising as a result of the English influence. Its genetic current determines in the Canary Prey great part of its typical expression, its characteristic layer "bardina" of atigrada-greenish tonality, for that reason popularly one names him like "Verdino", its rustic hair and its good disposition for the fight with the cattle.

It advances the present century and the liking to the combats increases. Fight freely and settles down "cuadras" where they meet and the units by their better conditions for the fight are selected, not by its racial characteristics. This situation determined the selection of the Canary Prey, from the net functional point of view. That is to say, that always constituted an ethnic grouping with magnificent conditions that from very old it developed in the Islands, but never it was to establish a phenotype that gave its true identity us.

Once declared the prohibition of the fights in Spain, the Canary Prey is declining, situation that aggravates the invasion of foreign races in the Islands, until arriving almost at a phase of extinction towards 1960. It was as of 1970 when its recovery begins. Its resurgence is slow but uninterrupted. The interest of the Canary Prey, as it leaves from the Native Patrimony of the Canary Islands is generalized, although still does not consider the program of selection and improvement essential to obtain the genetic fixedness that perpetuates the race.

The presence of the canary prey is made more and more patents in the Islands as of 1970. This dog that one decade previous was relegated in escasísimo number to the average farmer and cattle dealer, begins to adapt like guardian in urban means, which allows to its entrance in other social means and their fast diffusion. In 1982, a group of criadores of the Island of Tenerife, people in charge of most of the existing population then, decide the work in equipment, forming association, with the purpose of taking ahead already initiated in the previous decade recovery of the Canary Prey, in a respectful work of recría with the tradition, who put under a selection program, governed by a pattern which they formalize at sight of the historical graphical data, the oral information of old criadores and the population of more representative prey then.

Manuel Martín Bethencourt

President of the Club of the Canary Prey
(Published by the author in the magazine "Canarias Agraria and Pesquera" of the Government of the Canary Islands)

OFICIAL DOGO CANARIO'S STANDARD
                               Nş 346 F.C.I.
                          YEAR   04/06/2001
CLASSIFICATION F.C.I.
GROUP 2:
SECTION 2.1: DOGO TYPE MOLOSOIDE

ANOTHER NAMES IN THE CANARY ISLANDS:
- PERRO DE PRESA
- PERRO BASTO
-BARDINO
- VERDINO
- PERRO DE LA TIERRA
                                    -------------------------------------------
STANDARD F.C.I. Nş 346/ 15.06.2001/ E
ORIGIN: SPAIN
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL STANDARD
VALID: 04.06.2001
F.C.I. CLASSIFICATION
Group 2: Pinscher and Schnauzer Molosoide Dogs of the mountain and Swiss Boyero type and other breeds.
Section 2.1: Dogo type Molosoide

USE

Guard dog and herding of cattle.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

Molosoide dog of medium size, eumetric, with a straight profile and black face.
Rustic and well proportioned.
It is a meso-form whose body is longer than its height at the cross, accentuating its long form, the bitch being slightly longer than the dog.
HEAD

Massive and of a brachiochphalic nature, with a heavy appearance, covered in soft loose skin.
It has a shape like an elongated bucket.
The cranium to face proportion is 60-40%
The width of the skull provides 3/5 of the total head length.

CRANIUM REGION

-Skull: slightly convex in a front to back curve and transversal, thought the frontal bone tends to be flat. Its width is very similar to its length. The cigomatic arch is very pronounced, with great development with the temporal and masetero muscles but without any projections. The occipital peak is insignificant.
-Front nasal depression (stop): Defined but not exaggerated. The middle groove between the frontal sinuses is noticeable and occupies approximately two thirds of the skull. The facial cranial lines are parallel or slightly convergent.

FACIAL AREA

   -Snout: wide, heavily pigmented or stained in black. It can be found attached to the same line as the nasal bone. Its forefront is slightly set back with respect to the frontal line of the lips. The holes are big, in order to facilitate breathing.
- Muzzle: Shorter than the skull. Normally occupying 40 % of the total size of the head. Its width accounts for two thirds of the skull. It has a wide base and is reduced slightly towards the nose. The nasal dorsal is flat with a straight outline and without elevations.
- Lips: the lips are slightly but not excessively hanging, and in their union, a seen from the front form an inverted V shape. The lips are slightly divergent, forming an obtuse angle in relation to the nasal dorsal. The inner lip is a dark colour.
   -Jaw / Teeth: Scissor bite. A pincer bite is possible although not desirable due to the dental weakening which it causes. A slight protrusion of the lower jaw is possible. There is ample transversal distance between the canines. The teeth are wide, with a very strong implantation into the jaw and their base, the molars are large, the incisors small, and the fangs well developed and of a good fit.
   -Eyes: Slight oval shape, of medium to large size, well separated and brevilineal being neither sunken nor protruding. The eyes lids are pigmented in black and are tight fitting, never fallen. The colour varies between medium chestnuts brown according to the colour of the coat. They are never pale.
   -Ears: of medium size, well separated, covered with fine short hair and they fall without effort on both sides of the head. When folded back they are pink. Their implantation is rooted at a point slightly above the line or prolongation of the eye. Ears are typically high up on the head and close together. In countries where their trimming is permitted the ears remained lifted up.
SKIN

Thick and having elasticity. Soft at and around the neck. When the dog’s attention is captured various symmetrical wrinkles form in the skin in the middle of the head between and above the nose.

COAT

The hair is short and flat to the skin without any under hair (although this can sometimes be present on occasions at the neck and buttocks). It is fairly coarse to the touch. The hair at the ears is very short and fine, being slightly longer at the top of the ear and at the buttocks.

COLOUR

The coat is striped, ranging from rich dark grey to light grey or blond. It can be various shades of beige, even sandy coloured. White sometimes can be found on the chest, at the base of the neck or throat, on the feet and toes and toes and at the rear, although it is desirable to have the least amount of white possible.

SIZE AND WEIGHT

-Wither height:
Dogs: 60 to 65 cm.
Bitches: 56 to 61 cm.
In the case of very typical examples 1 cm variance on the minimum and maximum wither height is allowed.

-Minimum weight:
Dogs: 50 kg
Bitches: 40 kg

DEFECTS

Any diversion from the above mentioned criteria is considered to be a fault and the seriousness of such is calculated by how far it varies from the standard requirements.

MINOR DEFECTS

Excessive amounts of wrinkles in the facial/skull area, which don’t detract from the dog’s expression.
Straight bite

SERIOUS DEFECTS

A head which does not conform to the established proportions.
Highly converging skull/facial lines (excessive or very pronounced stop)
A facial mask which comes below the height of the eyes.
Excessively hanging, retracted or protruding lips.
Equal length and wither height.
Excessive jowl.
Over hanging eyelids.
Sloping nasal dorsal.
Either scarce of excessive angles, body lines.
Descending lower line.
A shallow chest.
Incorrect balance.
Non-erect tail. A thing tail.
A small skeleton (bone density).
VERY SERIOUS DEFECTS

Square outline.
A triangular, narrow or not square head.
A light weight appearance.
A tail that is curly, very thin, of equal thickness throughout its length or deformed.
Sizes which are very small or large.
Dorsal line which is either saddle shaped or raised. Small chest. A weak front of the body. Ribs insufficiently curved.
An absence of wrinkles on the skull/face (tight skin without elasticity).
Light coloured (yellow) eyes. Eyes that are too close together or oblique. Deep set or protruding.
Excessive protruding jaw.
Any teeth missing.
Ears rooted too high in the skull.
A skull which is round or arched.
Divergent skull/facial lines.
Flat fine hair.
A poor mask.
A long insufficiently thick neck.

ELIMINATORY DEFECTS

An unbalanced character or any indication of aggressiveness.
Total decolouration of the snout, or inside lips.
Total lack of a mask.
Undesirable white patches.
Jaw defects.
A rear end which is lower than the withers, with a descending dorsal line.
Blue eyes or mismatched tones.
An amputated tail.
Having only one ore any testicles descend.
An underdeveloped chest.
NB: Dogs should have testicles of a normal appearance, being fully descended in the scrotum.